Dicot stems with primary growth have pith in the center, with vascular bundles forming a distinct ring visible when the stem is viewed in cross section. Each cortical bundle faces its pointed xylem end towards outer side, i.e. Primary xylem is present near the pith. Collenchyma in young stems is present in patches but in old stems it remains in the form of a continuous ring of few layers, present just below the epidermis. A Labeled Diagram of the Plant Cell and Functions of its Organelles We are aware that all life stems from a single cell, and that the cell is the most basic unit of all living organisms. 14. 13. Pith: central part of the stem. Endodermis is the innermost layer of cortex consisting of barrel-shaped cells, filled with starch grains. 8. 5. Primary xylem is situated just near the pith facing its protoxylem towards the centre. Stem, 2. Xylem consists of tracheids and xylem parenchyma. The cork cambium divides to produce waterproof cork cells externally and sometimes phelloderm cells internally. Epidermis: outer layer of the stem. The outline of T.S. Vascular bundles are present throughout the monocot stem, although concentrated towards the outside. Phloem vessels: tubes that carry sap. Normal Dicotyledonous Stems 4. 12. Parenchyma is present below the collenchyma. It is thin-walled and parenchymatous. These are called medullary bundles. Root tip. 13. Many intercellular spaces are present. petiole - a leaf stalk; it attaches the leaf to the plant. Identify the structures labeled A–H in the diagram of a woody twig shown below. Sugarcane stems are a major source of sugar. 2. With regards to plant anatomy/structure, there are some single-celled organisms that share photosynthetic characteristics with plants (e.g. Vascular bundles are present in ring. Vascular tissue provides long distance transport and structural support. Vascular bundles of inner and middle rings may show a little secondary growth. Secondary phloem is in the form of a ring which remains intruded into the secondary xylem at four places. Foreign chemicals such as air pollutants,[3] herbicides and pesticides can damage stem structures. Cambium: new parts of the stem. Presence of vessels in the xylem…………….. Angiosperms, (b) 1. Two vascular bundles of the innermost ring are large, oval and lie opposite to each other with their xylem facing towards centre and phloem outwards. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes: The term "shoots" is often confused with "stems"; "shoots" generally refers to new fresh plant growth including both stems and other structures like leaves or flowers.
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