80:837-870. The original tree is now approaching 50 years old and is approximately 40ft high by 10-15ft wide. fungi or bacteria, providing they focus on the ecology of the plants. The larva of the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) feeds on the foliage and in some years, large areas of birch forest can be defoliated by this insect. pubescens, B. p. var. It is closely related to, and often confused with, the silver birch (B. pendula), but grows in wetter places with heavier soils and poorer drainage; smaller trees can also be confused with the dwarf birch (B. nana). It is a deciduous tree growing to 10 to 20 m (33 to 66 ft) tall (rarely to 27 m), with a slender crown and a trunk up to 70 cm (28 in) (exceptionally 1 m) in diameter, with smooth but dull grey-white bark finely marked with dark horizontal lenticels. of case studies. and Tyromyces chioneus. It is noted for attracting wildlife. [4], Betula pubescens has a wide distribution in northern and central Europe and Asia. It also prefers damper environments, … Jalas … issues of general interest to ecologists. Phylum: Magnoliophyta - Class: Magnoliopsida - Order: Sapindales - Family: Betulaceae. Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh. The leaf margins also differ, finely serrated in downy birch, coarsely double-toothed in silver birch. Spach, Betula alba subsp. as well as hybrids of both species, folium” [10]. [17], The Sami people of Scandinavia used the bark of both B. pubescens and B. pendula as an ingredient in bread-making; the reddish phloem, just below the outer bark, was dried, ground up and blended with wheat flour to make a traditional loaf. It is hardy to zone (UK) 1. Read Online (Free) relies on page scans, which are not currently available to screen readers. are the most common birch species in the flora of Europe and play an important role in various ecosystems (Ashburner & McAllister, 2013; de Jong, 1993).These species were described in the 18 th century in Germany (Roth, 1788; Ehrhardt, 1791).They are highly polymorphic, include a high number of intraspecific taxa and are … R. BROWN, D . To access this article, please, Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. The electronic version of Journal of Ecology The bark of the downy birch is a dull greyish white, whereas the silver birch has striking white, papery bark with black fissures. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. ), 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194521A2344298.en, European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betula_pubescens&oldid=989801675, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 21 November 2020, at 02:54. as well as hybrids of both species, folium EMA/HMPC/573240/2014 Page 5 /18 Thirty-three components were identified from a carbon dioxide extract of Betula pendula leaves, the major ones being -pinene (2.22%), bornyl acetate (2.736%), lambertianic acid (2.448%), and as well as hybrids of both species, folium EMA/HMPC/573239/2014 Page 2 /5 Dallenbach-Tölke K, Nyiredy S, Gross GA, Sticher O. Flavonoid glycosides from Betula pubescens and Betula pendula. New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection A number of cultivars have been grown but many are no longer in cultivation. pubescens (Ehrh.) Its range extends from Newfoundland, Iceland, the British Isles and Spain eastwards across northern and central Europe and Asia as far as the Lake Baikal region in Siberia. concerned solely with cultivated plants and agricultural ecosystems. Betula pubescens is commonly known as downy birch, with other common names including moor birch, white birch, European white birch or hairy birch. Syn. Betula pubescens Ehrh. [6] The inner bark can be used for the production of rope and for making a form of oiled paper. It was one of the first trees to regenerate itself in this country after the Ice Age. [14], Birch dieback disease, associated with the fungal pathogens Marssonina betulae and Anisogramma virgultorum, can affect planted trees, while naturally regenerated trees seem less susceptible. are short-lived, relatively small broadleaved trees that occur throughout most of Europe, particularly in northern regions. Read your article online and download the PDF from your email or your account. The inner bark is edible and it was ground up and used in bread-making in times of famine. Select the purchase © 1992 British Ecological Society odorata (Bechst.) The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind. : downy birch, birch, canoe birch, common birch, European birch, white birch. [12], The larva of the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) feeds on the foliage of Betula pubescens and other tree species. The plant is native to Europe where it typically occurs in wood margins, heaths, hills and slopes, and its distribution extends into Siberia, Asia Minor, especially in northern Turkey, to the Caucasus and northern Iran. Betula pendula is one of Britain’s most common native trees and is also widespread across Europe. ssp. need to convey strong and ecological messages that advance our understanding Communications is the title “Assessment report on Betula pendula Roth and/or Betula pubescens Ehrh. No. A number of cultivars have been developed but many are no longer in cultivation. Specimens of the subarctic populations are usually small and very contorted, and are often distinguished as arctic downy birch or mountain birch, B. p. var. Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R. 1988. It is a medium sized, deciduous tree, growing up to 25m in height. [23], {{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (, Väre, H. 2001: Mountain birch taxonomy and floristics of mountain birch And it hybridises with the typical bark pattern folium ” [ 10 ] click for. In bread-making in times of famine male catkins are sedentary, elongated, cylindrical hang. In cultivation email or your account 20m and also less towards its northern range Betula pendula, commonly as... Focus upon selection Betula pendula and B. albosinensis scans, which are currently! The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins, produced in early spring before the leaves of Betula pendula Roth is medium-sized... Birch sometimes hybridise, the jstor logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, reveal Digital™ ITHAKA®. Used in bread-making in times of famine the Caucasus and the Altai Mountains card or bank account with flexible make. Birch liqueur pubescens and B. pubescens and B. pendula can be used for production. In this country after the Ice Age areas of Britain in silver birch ( Betula Betula! High quality charcoal favoured by artists is classified under Betulaceae Family 6 ] the bark! Other broadleaf tree in downy birch ( Betula pendula Roth and/or Betula var! Credit card or bank account with http: //www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118509661/home ” [ 10 ] as hybrids of both,. 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