No additional outside components are needed. Figure 4: IPLV/NPLV operating buckets. Document Chiller Data. The engine vibrations affect tube bundles and compressor shaft seals. This is not the place for optimism. Costs for engine-driven chillers are even higher since they require engine maintenance in addition to the same maintenance costs as an electric chiller. Natural draft cooling towers 3. Recent design improvements result in a low kW per ton (centrifugals are available at 0.50 and … concepts used on a water-cooled chiller [3] by comparing the location of peak efficiency islands on the compressor performance map to the ARI load line. This typically ranges from 8,000 hours on the relatively high-speed 3,600 rpm automotive-type engines to 24,000 hours on 1,200 rpm industrial-grade engines. Maintenance costs for screw and centrifugal chillers are typically lower than for absorption chillers, since these chillers require more frequent replacement of mechanical components, tube stresses are higher, and there are simply more tubes to replace. An absorption chiller is a water-cooled chiller, for example. Then we can use those calculations to determine which chiller types would work best with your commercial HVAC system. Never use “average rates.”. Engine maintenance is directly proportional to the operating (running) hours per year. Mechanical draft cooling towers 2. Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER):Performance of smaller chillers and rooftop units is fre-quently measured in EER rather than kW/ton. In recent years, chillers have generally become more energy efficient, even though at the same time most of them use low ozone-depleting refrigerants with lower heat-transfer capacities. Absorption chillers are much more costly than comparable sized electric chillers. It is wise to keep these estimates on the conservative side since the economic analysis will contribute to a prudent financial judgment. Air-cooled chillers, on the other hand, use condensers cooled by the air around their installations. Water-cooled chillers 4. Chillers are important commercial HVAC components because they expand the cooling capacities of HVAC systems. Building codes or other considerations may dictate the need for operating personnel. The first misconception is that the NPLV rating only measures chiller performance at off-design conditions. 8,533,364BTU/s / 3412.142 = 2,500kW. The only sure way to analyze true energy impacts and determine for certain the best sequencing is to gather a number of efficiency curves for each chiller at … The chiller types listed above differ in their setup and how they cool their refrigerant to expand an HVAC system’s cooling capacity. Owners or building managers with a large inventory of equipment may choose to employ their own personnel. Regarding the statement made at the end of the article, 0.5 kw per ton is an “annual average chiller-plant efficiency.” And, yes, typically, the full-load efficiency of an energy-efficient chiller plant is 0.72 to 0.79 kw per ton. Water-cooled chillers circulate condenser water through a cooling tower. Engine driven chillers have a prime mover that costs much more than a comparable electric motor (and has much higher maintenance costs as well). The engine maintenance cost should be added to the maintenance costs of a like capacity electric chiller and include complete engine-only service plus a sinking fund for overhaul and engine replacement. Contaminants, such as minerals, scale, mud, algae and other impurities, increase thermal resistance and reduce overall performance. Operation point of view VRF IS quite smooth. Power for Business Customer Satisfaction, Electric Reciprocating Chillers – Air – and Water-Cooled, Electric Centrifugal/Screw Chillers – Water-Cooled, Absorption & Engine Drive Chillers – Water-Cooled. FEMP has calculated that a 500-ton water-cooled centrifugal chiller meeting the required 0.541 kW/ton efficiency level saves money if priced no more than $54,800 above the less efficient model.The best available model saves the average user more: it is cost-effective up to a price premium of $78,700 above the less efficient model. The chillers in the comparison were an industry-average, 1,000-ton electric centrifugal chiller with variable speed drive and absorption chillers … In most cases, chillers can be expected to become even more efficient over the next decade because of improved microprocessor control, superior flow and temperature measurement, and the introduction of larger heat exchangers. Air-cooled chillers It’s essential to know about the different types of systems if you want to be certain that you’ve chosen t… Lift Load. Why Should You Get a Fall Boiler Tune-Up. They work well in medium and large commercial HVAC installations because they aren’t affected by the ambient temperature fluctuations of their surroundings. These energy efficient chillers will save you more money on energy bills compared to the other chiller. These values also include an allowance for materials and supplies. Air-cooled chillers, on the other hand, use condensers cooled by the air around their installations. The higher the temperature of the circulating cooling air, the less efficiently an air-cooled chiller will perform. Centrifugal chillers’ efficiency is calculated differently from absorption chillers’ efficiency, for example. This makes them ideal for Thermal Battery™ cooling systems, where energy consumption can be shifted to off-peak hours when electricity often is cheaper and generated from a greater mix of renewable and cleaner sources. With this information you can calculate chiller efficiency in terms of the energy efficiency ratio, or EER, and the coefficient of performance, or COP, for chillers. High Efficiency Central Chillers VS Traditional Cooling Technologies. AEC’s High Efficiency Central Chiller is the most efficient of its kind among chilling technologies, rewarding its users with upwards of 60% in average energy savings. The focus on chiller operational efficiency is changing as new ASHRAE standards are reaching the market. Energy efficiency starts with the best fan technology. Air Comfort can help you select the right type of chiller, and then we can install and maintain it for you. how to calculate the efficiency of a chiller imperial and metric. For units larger than 1,000 tons, the installed cost per ton declines only slightly on a dollar per ton basis. Air vs. Water Cooled Chiller Cost Comparison. They appear in small and medium commercial HVAC installations located in limited spaces. For example if one chiller requires 100 more kW service than another, than the incremental service cost is estimated at $45/kW. These systems provide chilled water for use in air conditioning or other cooling applications. Air cooled is the most commonly used chiller system because it is a self-contained system. 2550 Braga Drive Air Comfort’s mission is to work closely with customers to provide a true “comfort level” for their businesses, with uninterrupted performance and round-the-clock reliability. All spark-ignited natural gas engines used on chillers require periodic service, (including spark plug and lubrication oil changes) every 500 to 750 hours of service. © 2018 Southern Company. When we look at the investment required for an HVAC system, initial equipment costs for a chiller system can be somewhat lower than a VRF and chillers offer high COPs that may ultimately be the most cost-efficient for more extensive facilities. Some gas suppliers will subsidize the higher installed costs of engine-driven and absorption chillers. Everyone wants their energy systems to be energy efficient, but you should know that chiller efficiency is calculated differently between the different types. Reach out to us today to begin looking for the right commercial or industrial chiller system. While they’re more sensitive to the environment around them, air-cooled chillers have simpler designs, so they have lower installation and maintenance costs than water-cooled chillers. With the rising costs of energy and refrigerants, plus the added concern about the environment, proper ongoing and preventive maintenance of chilling equipment makes good sense. Some in the industry have described ASHRAE Standard 90.1 as a complex standard, especially when it comes to the enhanced chiller performance metrics included in versions 2010 and 2013. While the factory price of a chiller unit may be easy to obtain, a more meaningful economic comparison is based on the estimated total installed cost. While some models of chillers are more energy efficient than others, all generate a valuable commodity: waste heat. For engine-driven chillers, add in the engine-only maintenance costs. EER is calculated by dividing a chiller's cooling capacity (in Btu/h) by its power input (in watts) at full-load conditions. Chillers can use cooler water without risk to save energy. Sintesis chillers offer over 10% higher full-load and part-load efficiency than required by ASHRAE® 90.1-2016 standards. In addition, environmental legislation is likely to mandate emission controls which current engines may not be able to meet. At Air Comfort, we work extensively with chiller installation and maintenance, so we can calculate chiller efficiencies for the different types. condenser of an air cooled chiller as much as 5% to 15% Chemical cleaning of the inside of the condenser and evaporator heat transfer surfaces can result in a 5% to 10% energy savings – kw/ton Air-cooled chillers are less efficient than water-cooled chillers but cost less as well. There are several different types of chillers to consider, and they operate in different ways. In most areas there are competent independent- or manufacturer-operated service agencies who can provide this maintenance under contract. 9.4 Preparatory for Measurements Yet, overall, chiller experts say the shift in the standard to a more holistic view of chiller efficiency … Some chillers use compressors, while others do not. Water-cooled chillers circulate condenser water through a cooling tower. Air-cooled chiller efficiency is dependent on the temperature of the ambient air being used in its cooling system. 65°F ECWT. When skilled operating personnel will not be on duty during system operation, operations are planned to use absorption chiller as a peak shaving unit. Others will offer incentives, anywhere from $100 to $150 or more per ton, to reduce the installed cost premium. Centrifugal chillers are the most efficient chilling packages available. In some cases, the comparison is simplified if incremental costs are used; that is, one chiller is considered the base and the other alternatives are assessed at how much more or less they cost. Find out how an electric chiller may be able to lower your energy bills. By comparison, water-cooled chillers are more efficient than air-cooled variants. The chillers and outdoor mechanical rooms have energy efficiency ratios (EERs) of up to 19.4 and integrated part-load values (IPLVs) as low as 0.41 kw per ton for the compressors only and EERs up to 17.5 and IPLVs and as low as 0.49 kw per ton for the complete chiller system, including compressors, condenser pumps, and condenser fans. Do not reuse text or graphics without written permission. An air cooled chiller is relatively easy to install and start-up. The QUANTUM Air with free cooling is especially efficient: when you compare the power consumption of a QUANTUM chilled water set with and without free cooling modules, the integrated free cooling register can reduce power consumption by up to 40 per cent. A single metric, such In the absence of current, project specific, installed cost figures, these charts and tables can be used to estimate and compare costs. But, remember that it’s an apples and oranges comparison because the 50% efficiency ratings include relief. 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