Pashto language has a very rich, traditional culture dating back almost 7000 years. Results: 1-25 of 279 | Refined by: Original Format: Book/Printed Material Remove Language: Pashto Remove Subject: History and Criticism Remove Search Books/Printed Material View It is also spoken in parts of Mianwali and Attock districts of the Punjab province, areas of Gilgit-Baltistan and in Islamabad, as well as by Pashtuns who live in different cities throughout the country. [39] In 1936 a royal decree of Zahir Shah formally granted to Pashto the status of an official language[40] with full rights to usage in all aspects of government and education - despite the fact that the ethnically Pashtun royal family and bureaucrats mostly spoke Persian. The history of Pashto literature spreads over five thousands years having its roots in the oral tradition of tapa. The History of Pashto language Pashto is one of the national languages of Afghanistan (Dari Persian is the other). His grandson Afzal Khan was the author of an early history of the Pashtun. There has also been an effort[89] to adopt a written form based on Latin script,[90][91][92][93] but the effort of adapting a Roman alphabet has not gained official support. History of the Pashto Language. The slight changes that denote loanwords from the Prakrits, Sindhi, and Balochi are generally quite easy to identify. Elsevier, Oxford: 2009. The language is also spoken in the western provinces of Pakistan, which is partially inhabited by the Pashtuns. "The Place of Pashto among the Iranic Languages and the Problem of the Constitution of Pashtun Linguistic and Ethnic Unity." [34] Since the early 18th century, the monarchs of Afghanistan have been ethnic Pashtuns (except for Habibullāh Kalakāni in 1929). The variation in spelling of the language's name (Pashto, Pukhto, etc.) LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION: (its relations to other languages). There are over 9 million speakers of Pashto in Afghanistan. As an official language of Afghanistan and a widely spoken language in Pakistan, Pashto is a deeply historical language with roots at least 3,500 years deep. According to the renowned linguists Darmesteter and Henderson, Pashto has "descended form Avestan". The sound /n/ of Persian is replaced by /l/ in Pashto. Pashto language is as old as the “Pashtoon” because Pashto is not only the name of a language that has a very rich history, but a language with deeply rooted norms, values, and traditions. [35] Persian, the literary language of the royal court,[36] was more widely used in government institutions while the Pashtun tribes spoke Pashto as their native tongue. Scholars have found it difficult to reach consensus regarding specific claims about Pashto’s origins. In the 1930s a movement began to take hold to promote Pashto as a language of government, administration, and art with the establishment of a Pashto Society Pashto Anjuman in 1931[37] and the inauguration of the Kabul University in 1932 as well as the formation of the Pashto Academy Pashto Tolana in 1937.[38]. The language courses specialist 17-minute-languages.com offers a proven possibility to learn Pashto easily and that in only about 17 minutes training per day. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. Pashto-speakers are found in other major cities of Pakistan, most notably in Karachi, Sindh. A Brief History of the Pashtuns. [26][45][46][47], Urdu and English are the two official languages of Pakistan. The sentence construction of Pashto is akin to that of Hindi. Pashto Language Dialects Subject matter: Spoken Dialects Grade Level: Second Language Acquisition (5-9) Lesson Objective: Learner will be able to exhibit the knowledge of Pashto language and multiple local dialects commonly spoken in various regions of Afghanistan. Adjectives come before nouns.Nouns and adjectives are inflected for two genders (masc./fem. However, the position that Pashto is a direct descendant of Avestan is not agreed upon. The verb generally agrees with the subject in both transitive and intransitive sentences. In modern times, noticing the incursion of Persian and Arabic vocabulary, there is a strong desire to "purify" Pashto by restoring its old vocabulary.[63][64][65]. Pashto, also known as Pakhto, Pashtu, and Pushto, is a member of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. From the time of Ahmad Shah Durrani (1722–1772), Pashto has been the language of the court. It has two main dialects, western dialect and eastern dialect. Major Pashto speaking cities in Afghanistan are Kandahar (Qandahar), Kabul. (previous page) () Today, it has small communities in different countries like United Arab Emirates, Iran, and Tajikistan. [13][55] However, the position that Pashto is a direct descendant of Avestan is not agreed upon. In fact, the “Pashtoons” are considered to … The verb system is very intricate with the following tenses: present, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, and past perfect. The word "Pashto" derives by regular phonological processes from Parsawā-"Persian". According to G.P.Tate, the author of "The kingdom of Afghanistan"-the first to use Pashto for literary purposes was the famous Pir … Nonetheless, it is clear that the speech community’s location in a contested part of the ancient world instigated extensive contact with, and borrowing from, other languages, including varieties of ancient Greek, Saka, Parthian, and Persian. Common Core State Standard and/or Academic Content Standard: Afghanistan Language History and Geo-dialects: Standard and Spoken [86] In the 16th century, Bayazid Pir Roshan introduced 13 new letters to the Pashto alphabet. stems from the different pronunciations in the various dialects of the second consonant in the word; for example, it is a retroflex [sh] in the Kandahari dialect, and a palatal fricative in the Kabuli dialect. 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